Facebook Owner Mark Zuckerberg Success Story

Mark Zuckerberg Success Story: Net Worth, Education, and Influence

Mark Zuckerberg is the founder, chairman, and CEO of Facebook (FB). Here's how he built the vastly successful social media business.

Early Life and Education

Mark Zuckerberg was born on May 14,

1984, in White Plains, New York, and was raised in nearby Dobbs Ferry.1 He was born into a well-educated family and developed an interest in computer programming at an early age.

At the age of 12, Zuckerberg created a messaging program named Zucknet that he implemented as an inter-office communication system for his father's dental practice. Due to his early signs of success, his parents got him a computer programming tutor while he was still in high school, and they enrolled him in a prep school in New Hampshire.

After graduating from prep school, Zuckerberg enrolled at Harvard University.

Success Story

While many intelligent people attend Harvard University, Mark Zuckerberg became

known quickly as the go-to computer programmer on campus. By his sophomore year, he had already built two programs: Course Match and Face Mash.  Both programs became wildly popular, but the university shut down the latter program after it was deemed to be inappropriate.

Based on his acclaim on campus, Zuckerberg partnered with friends to create a social networking site that allowed Harvard students to connect with each other. The site officially went live in June 2004 under the name "The Facebook," and Zuckerberg ran it out of his dorm room.

After his sophomore year, Zuckerberg dropped out of college to pursue what was then called Facebook, full-time. The website reached one million users by the end of 2004.3

This explosion of user growth attracted the attention of many venture capital (VC) firms, and Zuckerberg eventually moved out to Silicon Valley in 2005. Facebook received its first round of venture capital investments from Accel Partners, which invested $12.7 million in the site that was still only open to Ivy League students.

By the end of 2005, however, Facebook had opened up to students attending other schools, causing the website to reach 5.5 million users. Since 2005, Facebook received numerous acquisition offers from the likes of Yahoo and Microsoft, has been through legal battles, and has greatly increased its user base.

..On Oct. 30, 2019, Facebook released Q3 earnings. The company reported that daily active users averaged 1.62 billion for September 2019, an increase of 9% year-over-year. Monthly active users totaled 2.45 billion, an increase of 8% year-over-year. As of Jan. 30, 2020, the company has a market cap of $598 billion. Zuckerberg owns over 375 million Facebook shares and holds 60% of voting rights in the company.

Net Worth & Current Influence

Mark Zuckerberg has a net worth of $78 billion as of Jan. 29, 2020.

When it comes to influence, Zuckerberg has signed the Giving Pledge, which means he will donate at least 50% of his net worth to philanthropic causes before he dies. In 2010, for example, he donated more than $100 million to save the Newark school system in New Jersey.

When his daughter Max was born, Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan authored an open letter in which they pledged to give away 99% of their net worth during their lifetime. However, many have criticized the method by which Zuckerberg is donating his fortune. The charitable foundation Zuckerberg and Chan have set up is a limited-liability corporation, not a charitable trust. This decision allows the two to do things that charitable trusts are not allowed to do, which in turn could make the foundation more effective, though it might also benefit their family more than a traditional trust.

Corporations can make for-profit investments and political donations. Unlike charitable trusts, corporations are not required to report their political donations.

In April 2018, Zuckerberg testified before Congress after it was revealed that the company had shared users' data with the political consulting firm Cambridge Analytical.

         

Some Great Inventions Of Thomas Alva Edison The Founder of Light Bulb

 Thomas Alva Edison

·      Occupation: Businessman and Inventor

Thomas Edison

·      Born: February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio

·      Died: October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey

·      Best known for: Inventing many useful items including the phonograph and a practical light bulb

Biography:

Thomas Edison may be the greatest inventor in history. He has over 1000 patents in his name. Many of his inventions still have a major effect on our lives today. He was also a business entrepreneur. Several of his inventions were group efforts in his large invention laboratory where he had lots of people working for him to help develop, build, and test his inventions. Edison used his inventions to form companies including General Electric, which is one of the biggest corporations in the world today...

Where did Edison grow up?

Edison and Phonograph

Thomas Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. His family soon moved to Port Huron, Michigan where he spent most of his childhood. Surprisingly, he did not do well in school and ended up being home schooled by his mother. Thomas was an enterprising young man, selling vegetables, candy and newspapers on trains. One day he saved a child from a runaway train. The child's father repaid Edison by training him as a telegraph operator. As a telegraph operator, Thomas became interested in communications, which would be the focus of many of his inventions.

What was Menlo Park???

Menlo Park, New Jersey is where Thomas Edison built his research labs. This was the first business or institution with the sole purpose of inventing. They would do research and science and then apply it to practical applications that could be manufactured and built on a large scale. There were a lot of employees working for Edison at Menlo Park. These workers were inventors, too, and did a lot of work on Edison's ideas to help turn them into inventions.

What are Thomas Edison's most famous inventions?

Thomas Edison has the patents and credits for many inventions. Three of his most famous include:

The Phonograph - This was the first major invention by Edison and made him famous. It was the first machine that was able to record and playback sound…

The Motion Picture - Edison did a lot of

work in creating the motion picture camera and helping move forward the progress of practical movies.

Fun Facts about Thomas Edison

·      His middle name was Alva and his family called him Al.

·      His first two kids had the nicknames Dot & Dash.

·      He set up his first lab in his parent's basement at the age of 10.

·      He was partially deaf.

·      His first invention was an electric vote recorder.

·      His 1093 patents are the most on record.

·      He said the words to "Mary had a little lamb" as the first recorded voice on the phonograph.

·      Activities   

                                  

A Successful Short Story of WhatsApp Founder Jan Koum

Jan Koum Born on the 24th of Feb 1976; Jan Koum is the Co-founder and CEO of the globally famous mobile messaging application – WhatsApp. WhatsApp was recently acquired by Facebook in February 2014 for a whopping $19 Billion.

.In 2014, with an estimated worth of more than $7.5 Billion, he was listed as the 62nd richest person in America by Forbes. To add to that, Forbes also stated in another article that, Jan’s prodigy would also be the sole reason behind the loss of a combined total of $386 billion that will be incurred by the telecommunications industry between 2012 and 2018!

Nevertheless, the story of WhatsApp is yet another live example of innovation in true terms, for everyone out there waiting for motivation.

But Jan is no stranger to failure, and is a founder who had to go through his fair share of rejection by top tech companies, including the one that eventually bought their service, only to become the most valuable messaging platform on the planet.

Let’s tell you a tale which best exemplifies the phrase “try, try, try, till you succeed”!

The Struggles Of The Past…!

Jan was born in the rural areas of Kiev, Ukraine. This was during the Soviet Era, so being a Jewish and living in a rural area was definitely not easy. He lived in a house that did not have electricity and being in a country that mostly had a temperature below 0 degree; they didn’t even have hot water. His parents also denied the usage of phones because they were often tapped by the govt.

To worsen things more, being financially unwell they also had to go through a regularity of hardships as well.

Hence, in an attempt to put an end to all this, they decided to move to America and Jan along with his mother and grandmother moved to Mountain View, California in 1992.

Here they were helped by a social support program to get a small two-bedroom apartment. Jan also started learning computer networking by reading manuals that he used to purchase from a used bookstore.

On the other end, at the age of 16 he also had begun working as a cleaner at a grocery store while his mother worked as a babysitter.

Just when things began to look normal is when another tragedy hit their lives, when his mother was diagnosed with cancer. But he always believed that whatever did not kill you, only made you stronger, and his adversities were only making him more resilient.

In the next two years, he had fully trained himself all about computer networking and all set to take up his next task.

This is when he gained a sudden interest in programming and got himself enrolled at San Jose State University. Along with that, he also began working with Ernst & Young as a Security Tester.

After working there for roughly six months, Jan got the biggest opportunity of his life when he got selected to work at Yahoo as an Infrastructure Engineer. Now this was when he was still studying at San Jose State University.

Yahoo back then was just as any other start-up and was beginning to grow, and since Jan loved what he was doing, he dropped out of programming and moved ahead with yahoo.

TRIVIA: – A restraining order was passed against Jan in Feb 1996, by an ex-girlfriend on the grounds that he had verbally and physically threatened her. Till date, he feels embarrassed of his actions, and had even gone on record to say that – “I am ashamed of the way I acted, and ashamed that my behavior forced her to take legal action” in Oct 2014.

His father passed away in 1997, and his mother couldn’t out-beat cancer for long and also passed away in 2000. He was suddenly left all alone is when his friend from E&Y (and Yahoo) ‘Brian Acton’ helped him fight the loneliness by inviting Jan to his house off-and-on, for playing soccer, ultimate Frisbee, etc.

Together, they went on to work with Yahoo for more than nine years! While at it, they got to intake numerous amounts of priceless f knowledge and experience. They saw Yahoo go through multiple ups and downs. Even though he hated advertising, he still worked on some of the most important projects of yahoo such as their advertising platform Project Panama in 2006. He likes to call that phase, “depressing,” ads gets on his nerves.

Anyway, after giving nine years of his life, Jan and Brian left their jobs in September 2007 and took a year off. And this is when it all began!

TRIVIA: – Jan was also a part of a hackers group called ‘w00w00’, where he had also met the future founders of Napster, Shawn Fanning and Jordan Ritter. This group has given the world some of the biggest tech companies.

The Humbleness of The Present..!

For the rest of the following years Jan relied on his $400,000 savings. They began by going on a trip around South America. Later, they also applied for Facebook but got rejected. As a matter of fact, Brian had also got rejected by Twitter as well.

The Idea

In January 2009, Jan bought an iPhone and realized that the then seven-month-old App Store was in the process of launching a whole range of new apps. This gave him a brilliant idea.

He quickly visited a friend of his named Alex Fishman in West San Jose, to discuss the same. An endless cup of tea combined with two passionate men, took the discussion on the idea for hours. But eventually, the conclusion was that the whole of the idea was not possible without an iPhone developer, which is when Alex introduced Jan to a developer in Russia named Igor Solomennikov that he had found on RentACoder.com.

Although the idea itself was at very nascent stages, but since the beginning itself, they were very clear about three rules: their service would definitely not carry advertising, would have a satisfying experience, and lastly, keeping in mind the privacy of their customers in mind, their product would also not store any messages. Additionally, they would also maintain to deliver the product without any gimmicks or stunts, with endless amount of reliability and rich experience.

Having that settled, Jan quickly got the name “WhatsApp” incorporated on his birthday i.e. 24th of Feb 2009 in California.

The Growing Days…

Soon, the second version called WhatsApp 2.0 was also released. This was turned WhatsApp into Instant Messenger because it also had a messaging component. And just within a blink of an eye, they had 250,000 active users. He needed help.

Now this was the time when Brian Acton was still unemployed and was trying to establish another unsuccessful start-up of his. Jan somehow convinced him and Brian decided to join WhatsApp.

It is not disclosed but, Jan is said to have a larger share, since it was his idea originally and he had been into it since nine months before. Red Rock Cafe in Mountain View used to be their office back then.

Anyway, soon they also got their first round of funding of $250,000, after a little persuasion, from five of their ex-Yahoo friends in against for a co-founder status and a stake.

And after staying in the beta stage for so many months, the app finally saw the daylight in November 2009 exclusively on the App Store for the iPhone. Soon another BlackBerry version was also made by an old friend called Chris Pfeiffer.

In no time, they also sub-leased a few cubicles on a converted warehouse on Evelyn Avenue. They didn’t even have a WhatsApp sign for the office, and the other half of the building was occupied by Evermore.

Now since the two main cofounders used to work for free, the only biggest cost the company incurred during those first few years was sending verification texts to users. But fortunately the best part was that WhatsApp was gradually bringing in revenue by charging customers a minimal charge to use the service, roughly $5000 / month (2010) which then was enough to cover the costs.

The founders occasionally also used to switch

WhatsApp from a free to paid service to avoid growing too fast.

The app received tremendous success in a very less time. By 2011, it was listed amongst the top 20 of all apps in Apple’s U.S. App Store. This was also because the app was made such that the users found it pretty easy to use and they didn’t have to register on it to use it as well.

Now around that time, Jim Goetz from Sequoia Capital was desperately in search of the founders. They had originally discovered WhatsApp through an App store tracking system they had developed for their assistance called ‘early bird’.

Even then, it literally took months for the VC firm to trace them down, given that the company didn’t have a publicly available address at the time.

They eventually found the WhatsApp founders when started searching for them on the streets of Mountain View. Goetz sat down with Jan and Brian at Red Rock Cafe, answered all their questions and promised not to push advertising models on them and will only act as a strategic advisor. With all these in place, WhatsApp finally agreed to take $8 million from Sequoia Capital in April 2011.

And within a span of two years i.e. by 2013, WhatsApp had reached to a user base of more than 200 million and a staffing of 50 employees.

This was the time the founders again thought of raising funds. Jan remembered his mother’s words, that never put yourself in a position where you can’t meet ends, in other words, always keep some extra bucks with you.

Hence, they kept a secret second round of funding and raised $50 million at a valuation of whooping $1.5 billion from Sequoia. At the time, WhatsApp bank balance read $8.257 million, which indeed was more than what they had raised earlier.

So how was that bank balance possible?

Well, WhatsApp earns millions of dollars without any advertising on the app. They make money in two ways: -

·       They charged iPhone users on first time installation

·       And the Android users every year

·       And this money goes straight into their pockets.

While working with Yahoo, the founders had learnt the tricks of the trade and knew for a fact that most of the users do not like advertisements flashing while using an application.

As a matter of fact, the company doesn’t even employ a marketer or a PR person, and yet has .managed to become one of the greatest brands in the world, just by creating a strong emotional connect with their consumers. Additionally, they still does not have a sign board outside their WhatsApp office…

…And clearly, this has reflected in their growth as well. From 400 million active users in 2013, the company has grown to over 500 million monthly active users in early 2014, to over 600 million active users worldwide. And more than 10% of the total worldwide users came from India, which was also the single largest country in terms of number of users for them. They were also in the process of reaching 1 billion active users in no time.

.Today, five years after launch, WhatsApp is listed amongst the world’s most popular and profitable phone apps. According to Jan that “active”, is what sets them apart from the rest. He very rightly points out that, “Comparing total registered users and active users is like comparing Ferrari 250 GTO with a skateboard.”

..And the only thing that has helped them reach this stage, defeating all the bigger competitors (with deeper pockets) is the pin-up on their desk that says – “No ads! No games! No gimmicks!“

..The Acquisition…

…This quick popularity of WhatsApp had caught Facebook’s attention!

…Mark Zuckerberg had first contacted Jan in 2012. They had a series of meetings and catching up at coffee shops, dinners and walks in the hills above Silicon Valley. A month later, Mark formally proposed a deal and asked Jan to join the Facebook board.

…And finally, in February 2014, Facebook announced it was acquiring WhatsApp for $19 Billion. They were paid $4 billion in cash, $12 billion in Facebook shares, and an additional $3 billion in restricted stock units. But WhatsApp would remain independent and Jan & Brian would only be the ones managing it.

…Soon after the acquisition was completed, Jan donated $1,000,000 to the FreeBSD Foundation and around $556 million to the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF) in November 2014.

.This acquisition was also in its own way, a befitting reply to Facebook..!...

.Moving on, more recently WhatsApp has introduced quite a few new innovations to its existing mode such as Voice calls, WhatsApp Web, etc...

Lastly, since 2014, the company has grown on to achieve 900 million (September 2015) and would cross a billion users by the year end as well….

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COVID-19 (Coronavirus) Full Documentary According to a Pakistani Ambassador Latest News 2020.

15 Daily Habits That Will Change Your Life

        ...Ever wonder why        . getting ahead can .sometimes seem like such a struggle? The truth is: If you want to be highly successful, you need to be highly disciplined. I've polled countless executives and entrepreneurs about.. the things they're doing every day which help them succeed, and typically they credit simple daily routines which have been proven over time to give them an edge. Check out these quotes from 33 high-..achieving individuals who share the habits which help them get ahead in business and life....

1. .Read about your industry and beyond.

"..I spend an hour, usually after dinner, reading about my industry, related industries, current events and pop culture. I start with daily cu ration emails like Jason Hirschhorn REDEF series and then branch out. I bookmark and tag (first with Delicious, now with Ever note) posts that I like and might refer to later. When possible, I share these posts, along with a brief summary of my rationale for sharing, with my team or friends. If nothing else, this process helps me remember the salient parts of the post and gives me time to explore how they fit into my larger view of things. This is my version of something Alvin Toffler wrote about that likened our world view to a filing cabinet in our brains; whenever new information gets presented to us, we catalogue and file it and then it goes on to inform our worldview in some small way. There's tremendous power and opportunity in understanding how seemingly unrelated trends and events will go on to affect the work you're doing…."

2.. Keep a daily journal, but do it the right way.

"..Most people use their journal to record events or to vent. But there's so much more you can do with your journal and get immediate results in your life. Use your journal to write what you want your life to be. For years I've kept a journal to chronicle my life, plan for my dreams and strategize my goals. It is one of the important success habits that I do daily. Journaling empowers me to take my ideas and turn them into reality. What's written is real. Once the words and images hit the paper, you have now crystallized a thought or idea. You can use the power of pen and paper to strategize and create anything you want. Journaling is one of the best methods of self-care therapy. When you're journaling consistently, you tend to ask questions about life, your direction and your business..."

3. Work out for a strong body, which holds up a strong mind.

"Successful entrepreneurship requires more than just mental fitness, it requires physical fitness as well. I have a daily workout regime that started in 2013 and has grown and evolved in step with our business. It started with Cross Fit (high intensity interval type training) and has expanded from there. Clearing your mind and challenging yourself physically with a tough workout every day prepares you for the daily challenges of business. A strong body holds up a strong mind."

4. Remove fear.

"..I find when working with others, when we seem to reach a barrier to getting something done, the barrier is really about their fear of failure, fear of being blamed, fear of accountability, etc. This fear is rooted in their prior experiences with another boss, another colleague, or even a family member. What I've learned is that if I tell them 'I'm in this with you, and if this heads south I'll accept as much or more responsibility for that than anybody,' we can get beyond that fear and become extremely productive…"

5. Unplug without a device.

"Time away from the digital world is critical for my sanity, productivity and general wellness. Late night walks along the ocean without my phone provide a tranquil way to get exercise, digest the day, plan the next day and enjoy nature..."

6. Check your pride at the door.

".Great leaders understand that they are not the best at everything, but rather realizing their greatest asset is deciphering valuable information and how to action it quickly. Business owners have to be able to make tough decisions, but they need good reliable facts. Leaders who listen to their teams come out ahead and complete a better execution vs. leaders who only believe their way is always the right way….’

8. Surround yourself with positive people.

"..Social media has become a cesspool for the haters and trolls. Don't let negative people hold you back. Understand that negativity generally comes from unhappy people and those who envy you. Happy successful people don't tear others down. Surround yourself with ambitious, positive people. It's too easy to focus on the negative and there's just no upside to that..."

9. Listen and learn.

"..Listen to your peers, employees and customers.  You will always learn something from listening.  I also find that it could facilitate relationships just by listening, and really let people feel that you care.  It helps ease any tensions, even if it doesn't immediately solve a problem, it could relieve any negative feelings just by letting people express themselves whether it be an unhappy customer, a stressed employee or colleague.."

10. Put in extra effort to stay organized.

"..Making lists and setting daily goals helps us stay focused each day. There are so many fires to put out each day when you own your own business and working to stay organized and task oriented helps us stay on track and meet our goals. We also have planning meetings to map out our vision and goals for the next six and 12 months. This helps us focus on the big picture of growing a new business and measure our success and failures over the year..."

11. Pay attention to details.

"..Refuse to cut any corners when it comes to ingredients or any aspect of the manufacturing process. While many have told me that my attention to detail is counterproductive, I feel that it has been very helpful with growing sales and ultimately earning customer confidence. Basically, I have depended upon my inner voice regardless of trends and well-intentioned advice that did not feel right to me. Go with your gut and don't deviate from your brand's mission…"

12. Keep some balance in your life.

"..If you let your work consume you, it will. Pushing away from the laptop and cell phone for a break each day is critical. It's not always easy when you're chasing a deadline. Small distractions, however, can have an incredibly refreshing effect. Inject a little daily balance into your life--dinner with the family, an hour of exercise, going to see my child participate in an extracurricular activities or 30 minutes with a book or newspaper…"

13. Give yourself time to relax.

"..Take an hour at the end of every day to decompress and unwind. Not only will you get to relieve the day's stress, but you'll give yourself the chance to really absorb everything you learned during the day and evaluate your next steps. Entrepreneurs - myself included - tend to be workaholics, but it's important to take a break from the grind and let yourself breathe. Your business can only be in good shape if you are, too…

14. Move your body.

"..Literally move your body, whether it's taking time to work out or a quick walk around the block after lunch. I'm more bookish than athletic, but as I've had to learn to manage myself along with my business, I've found that even a little bit of exercise gives me extra energy and a more positive outlook. Plus, there's something about a simple walk that gives your brain time to sort through and resolve problems..."

15. Get inspired by reading something inspiring.

"..It's easy to sometimes get trapped in monotonous work or life patterns which can affect your mood and overall performance. When that happens, read something uplifting. If I'm dragging or feeling uninspired, I try to reset my attitude by reading a book that I find inspiring to give me a boost or just break the cycle of scheduled sameness…"

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The Story of Albert Einstein

On 14, March, 1879, Albert Einstein is born, the son of a Jewish electrical

engineer in Ulm, Germany. Einstein’s theories of special and general relativity drastically altered man’s view of the universe, and his work in particle and energy theory helped make possible quantum mechanics and, ultimately, the atomic bomb...

After a childhood in Germany and Italy,

Albert Einstein at age 14.

Einstein studied physics and mathematics at the Federal Polytechnic Academy in Zurich, Switzerland. He became a Swiss citizen and in 1905 was awarded a Ph.D. from the University of Zurich while working at the Swiss patent office in Bern. That year, which historians of Einstein’s career call the angus mirabilis–the “miracle year”–he published five theoretical papers that were to have a profound effect on the development of modern physics….

.In the first of these, titled “On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the

Production and Transformation of Light,” Einstein theorized that light is made up of individual quanta (photons) that demonstrate particle-like properties while collectively behaving like a wave. The hypothesis, an important step in the development of quantum theory, was arrived at through Einstein’s examination of the photoelectric effect, a phenomenon in which some solids emit electrically charged particles when struck by light. This work would later earn him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.

In the second paper, he devised a new method of counting and determining the size of the atoms and molecules in a given space, and in the third he offered a mathematical explanation for the constant erratic movement of particles suspended in a fluid, known as Brownian motion. These two papers provided indisputable evidence of the existence of atoms, which at the time was still disputed by a few scientists.

.Einstein’s fourth groundbreaking scientific work of 1905 addressed what he termed his special theory of relativity. In special relativity, time and space are not absolute, but relative to the motion of the observer. Thus, two observers traveling at great speeds in regard to each other would not necessarily observe simultaneous events in time at the same moment, nor necessarily agree in their measurements of space. In Einstein’s theory, the speed of light, which is the limiting speed of any body having mass, is constant in all frames of reference. In the fifth paper that year, an exploration of the mathematics of special relativity, Einstein announced that mass and energy were equivalent and could be calculated with an equation, E=mc2.

…Although the public was not quick to embrace his revolutionary science, Einstein was welcomed into the circle of Europe’s most eminent physicists and given professorships in Zurich, Prague and Berlin. In 1916, he published “The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity,” which proposed that gravity, as well as motion, can affect the intervals of time and of space. According to Einstein, gravitation is not a force, as Isaac Newton had argued, but a curved field in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass. An object of very large gravitational mass, such as the sun, would therefore appear to warp space and time around it, which could be demonstrated by observing starlight as it skirted the sun on its way to earth. In 1919, astronomers studying a solar eclipse verified predictions Einstein made in the general theory of relativity, and he became an overnight celebrity. Later, other predictions of general relativity, such as a shift in the orbit of the planet Mercury and the probable existence of black holes, were confirmed by scientists.

..During the next decade, Einstein made continued contributions to quantum theory and began work on a unified field theory, which he hoped would encompass quantum mechanics and his own relativity theory as a grand explanation of the workings of the universe. As a world-renowned public figure, he became increasingly political, taking up the cause of Zionism and speaking out against militarism and rearmament. In his native Germany, this made him an unpopular figure, and after Nazi leader Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933 Einstein renounced his German citizenship and left the country…

…He later settled in the United States, where he accepted a post at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. He would remain there for the rest of his life, working on his unified field theory and relaxing by sailing on a local lake or playing his violin. He became an American citizen in 1940.

In 1939, despite his lifelong pacifist beliefs, he agreed to write to President Franklin D. Roosevelt on behalf of a group of scientists who were concerned with American inaction in the field of atomic-weapons research. Like the other scientists, he feared sole German possession of such a weapon. He played no role, however, in the subsequent Manhattan Project and later deplored the use of atomic bombs against Japan. After the war, he called for the establishment of a world government that would control nuclear technology and prevent future armed conflict….

In 1950, he published his unified field theory, which was quietly criticized as a failure. A unified explanation of gravitation, subatomic phenomena, and electromagnetism remains elusive today.. Albert Einstein, one of the most creative minds in human history, died in Princeton in 1955….

Samsung, South Korean company that is one of the world’s largest producers of electronic devices Started From a grocery Store

Founder Of Samsung

Lee Byung-chul was the founder of the Samsung Group and one of South Korea’s most successful businessmen. With the breakup of the Hyundai chaebol, Samsung is now South Korea’s largest business group.

Born: February 12, Uiryeong County, South Korea

Died: November 19, 1987, Seoul, Korea.

Samsung, South Korean company that is one of the world’s largest producers of electronic devices. Samsung specializes in the production of a wide variety of consumer and industry electronics, including appliances, digital media devices, semiconductors, memory chips, and integrated systems. It has become

one of the most-recognizable names in technology and produces about a fifth of South Korea’s total exports.

Samsung started his business in Taegu, Korea, trading noodles and other goods produced in and around the city and exporting them to China and its provinces. After the Korean War, Lee expanded his business into textiles and opened the largest woolen mill in Korea. He focused heavily on industrialization with the goal of helping his country redevelop itself after the war. During that period his business benefited from the new protectionist policies adopted by the Korean government, whose aim was to help large domestic conglomerates (chaebol) by shielding them from competition and providing them easy financing.

During the 1970s the company expanded its textile-manufacturing processes to cover the full line of production—from raw materials all the way to the end product—to better compete in the textile industry. New subsidiaries such as Samsung Heavy Industries, Samsung Shipbuilding, and Samsung Precision Company (Samsung Techwin) were established. Also, during the same period, the company started to invest in the heavy, chemical, and petrochemical industries, providing the company a promising growth path.

Samsung ..first entered the electronics industry in 1969 with several electronics-focused divisions—their first products were black-and-white televisions. During the 1970s the company began to export home electronics products overseas. At that time Samsung was already a major manufacturer in Korea, and it had acquired a 50 percent stake in Korea Semiconductor.

....The late 1970s and early ’80s witnessed the rapid expansion of Samsung’s technology businesses. Separate semiconductor and electronics branches were established, and in 1978 an aerospace division was created. Samsung Data Systems (now Samsung SDS) was established in 1985 to serve businesses’ growing need for systems development. That helped Samsung quickly become a leader in information technology services. Samsung also created two research and development institutes that broadened the company’s technology line into electronics, semiconductors, high-polymer chemicals, genetic engineering tools, telecommunications, aerospace., and nanotechnology.

In the 1990s.. Samsung continued its expansion into the global electronics markets. Despite its success those years also brought about corporate scandals that afflicted the company, including multiple bribery cases and patent-infringement suits. Nevertheless, ..the company continued to make advancements on the technology and product-quality fronts, with a number of its technology products—ranging from semiconductors to computer..-monitor and LCD screens.—climbing into top-five positions in global market share..

The 2000s witnessed the birth of Samsung’s Galaxy smartphone series, which quickly not only became the company’s most-praised product but also frequently topped annual lists of the best-selling smartphones in the world... Since... 2006, the company has been the top-selling global manufacturer of televisions. Beginning in 2010, the Galaxy series expanded to tablet computers with the introduction of the Galaxy Tab.....And Soon it Progress up and up ..As Well Today Samsung Is on the Top On Marketing ....

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The Wright Brothers and the First Airplane Flight

The Wright brothers made history with the successful flight of their Wright Flyer in 1903.

...The Wright brothers' first airplane flight on Dec. 17, 1903, lasted just 12 seconds and news of the feat made it into only four newspapers the next morning. Yet, the pioneering, 120-foot (37 meters) flight in a fragile airplane over Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, had an enormous impact on the entire world...

Brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright did not invent flight, but their craftsmanship skills helped them form the early 20th-century equivalent of a startup. Their invention of the Flyer, which was the first crewed, powered, heavier-than-air and (to some degree) controlled-flight aircraft, brought people and ideas together like never before. In just a few decades, their ideas led to the creation of new aircraft in warfare, assisted with the spread of goods and people for globalization, and led to spaceflight — including putting the first people on the moon, in 1969....

....Humble beginnings

....Interest in aeronautics exploded during the ...19th century, as the technical how-to finally ..caught up with humanity's centuries-old .interest in flight. Before airplanes, people flew in balloons, airships and gliders — but never in something heavier than air. Several scientists tested gliders throughout the 1800s, filling data tables with information about lift and drag, but no gliders ran on power other than that provided by the wind. A steam-powered airship built by Henri Gifford flew successfully in 1852.

..Step 1 for the Wright brothers was to do a literature search on the state of aeronautical knowledge at the time. In 1899, Wilbur wrote this letter to the Smithsonian Institution, requesting copies of all the past research done:

The first flight

Four years after Wilbur's humble letter, the Wrights were ready to test an aircraft powered by an engine and propeller. The biplane design was based on Chanute's biplane glider, and the engine was assembled by Charles Taylor, a mechanic in the Wright's bike shop.

On Dec. 17, 1903, Orville climbed into the primitive cockpit. The Flyer lifted from the level ground of Kitty Hawk into the air and flew for 12 seconds before landing with a thud 120 feet (37 m) away. Kitty Hawk was chosen for its consistent winds, which were good for testing kites and gliders and also for taking off with an underpowered airplane. While strong wind gusts could be dangerous, a good, consistent headwind allowed a plane to take off when its own power might not get it off the ground in windless conditions.

The brothers made four flights that day, the last one flying 852 feet (260 m) in distance and staying aloft almost a minute, launching the world into the aviation age for good.

From Kitty Hawk to outer space

When news about their feet at Kitty Hawk reached the news wires, competitive inventors attempted their own flying machines in cornfields around the world.

It was the U.S. government that encouraged the first mass manufacturing of the airplane, seeing the potential of a powerful weapon and reconnaissance vehicle. When World War I broke out in 1914, there was a new type of battlefield: the sky. Airplane technology sped up dramatically during the war and was a pillar of the wartime economy.

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By the 1930s, the U.S. had four airlines delivering millions of passengers (limited mostly to the upper class) to points across the country, across the Atlantic Ocean and, by the end of the decade, across the Pacific. With the dawn of commercial air service, the world opened up in a new way, allowing people to visit places they'd only read about in books.

Aviation greatly affected the outcome of World War II, too, and war equally affected aviation. Airplanes carried paratroopers across the English Channel and dropped the first atomic bomb. By the end of the war, the manufacturing of planes had helped to put the United States at the forefront of all the world's postwar economies, where it remained until the 1970s.

The birth of the jet age in the 1950s, American astronauts' first steps on the moon between 1969 and 1972, and even the dreams of space-tourist companies like Virgin Galactic and the self-landing rockets of SpaceX all have their scientific roots in the field of Kitty Hawk. [Amazing X-Planes from the X-1 to XV-15]

A Wright Flyer is on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. In 2003, a replica Wright Flyer attempted the same flight at Kitty Hawk on the 100th anniversary of the Wrights' achievement, but it fell into a mud puddle. Conditions were quite calm that day, and Tom Poberezny, president of the Experimental Aircraft Association, which helped build the replica, told Wired, "Well, if this were easy, I guess everyone would do it."

Another challenge in creating a replica was that the Wright brothers kept the original plans secret, and the famed Wright Flyer was wrecked shortly after its fourth flight, by a gust of wind. While Orville rebuilt the Flyer for display, it's unclear if parts of the Flyer were recycled into other planes, according to the EAA Aviation Museum......In Washington DC.

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NASA's National Aeronautics and Space Administration UNITED STATES SPACE AGENCY

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), independent U.S. governmental agency established in 1958 for the research and development of vehicles and activities for the exploration of space within and outside Earth’s atmosphere…..

….The organization is composed of four mission directorates: Aeronautics Research, for the development of advanced aviation technologies; Science, dealing with programs for understanding the origin, structure., and evolution of the universe, the solar system, and Earth; Space Technology, for the development of space science and exploration technologies; and Human Exploration and Operations, concerning the management. of crewed space missions, including those to the International Space Station, as well as operations related to launch services, space transportation, and space communications for both crewed and robotic exploration programs. A number of additional research centers are affiliated, including the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland; the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California; the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas; and the Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. Headquarters of NASA are in Washington, D.C….

…NASA was created largely in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik in 1957. It was organized around the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which had been created by Congress in 1915. NASA’s organization was well under way by the early years of Pres. John F. Kennedy’s administration when he proposed that the United States put a man on the Moon by the end of the 1960s. To that end, the Apollo program was designed, and in 1969 the U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person on the Moon. Later, unscrewed programs—such as Viking, Mariner, Voyager, and Galileo—explored other bodies of the solar system…..

…NASA was also responsible for the development and launching of a number of satellites with Earth applications, such as Landsat, a series of satellites designed to collect information on natural resources and other Earth features; communications satellites..; and weather satellites. It also planned and developed the space shuttle, a reusable vehicle capable of carrying out missions that could not be conducted with conventional spacecraft…..